وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي رَجُلٍ تَظَاهَرَ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ نِسْوَةٍ لَهُ بِكَلِمَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ إِلاَّ كَفَّارَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ . وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ الأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي كَفَّارَةِ الْمُتَظَاهِرِ {فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا }. {فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَإِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا} . قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَتَظَاهَرُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ فِي مَجَالِسَ مُتَفَرِّقَةٍ قَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ إِلاَّ كَفَّارَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَإِنْ تَظَاهَرَ ثُمَّ كَفَّرَ ثُمَّ تَظَاهَرَ بَعْدَ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ فَعَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ أَيْضًا . قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَمَنْ تَظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ مَسَّهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ إِلاَّ كَفَّارَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ وَيَكُفُّ عَنْهَا حَتَّى يُكَفِّرَ وَلْيَسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ وَذَلِكَ أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَالظِّهَارُ مِنْ ذَوَاتِ الْمَحَارِمِ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَالنَّسَبِ سَوَاءٌ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَلَيْسَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ ظِهَارٌ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {وَالَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا}. قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَنَّ تَفْسِيرَ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَتَظَاهَرَ الرَّجُلُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ يُجْمِعَ عَلَى إِمْسَاكِهَا وَإِصَابَتِهَا فَإِنْ أَجْمَعَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ وَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا وَلَمْ يُجْمِعْ بَعْدَ تَظَاهُرِهِ مِنْهَا عَلَى إِمْسَاكِهَا وَإِصَابَتِهَا فَلاَ كَفَّارَةَ عَلَيْهِ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ فَإِنْ تَزَوَّجَهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَمَسَّهَا حَتَّى يُكَفِّرَ كَفَّارَةَ الْمُتَظَاهِرِ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَتَظَاهَرُ مِنْ أَمَتِهِ إِنَّهُ إِنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُصِيبَهَا فَعَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةُ الظِّهَارِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَطَأَهَا . قَالَ مَالِكٌ لاَ يَدْخُلُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ إِيلاَءٌ فِي تَظَاهُرِهِ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُضَارًّا لاَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَفِيءَ مِنْ تَظَاهُرِهِ .
Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa that hisfather said that a man who pronounced a dhihar from his four wives inone statement, had only to do one kaffara. Yahya related the same asthat to me from Malik from Rabia ibn Abi Abd ar-Rahman. Maliksaid, "That is what is done among us. Allah, the Exalted said aboutthe kaffara for pronouncing dhihar, 'It is to free a slave before theytouch one another. If he does not find the means to do that, thenfasting for two consecutive months before they touch one another. Ifhe cannot do that, it is to feed sixty poor people. ' " (Sura 58 ayats4,5). Malik said that a man who pronounced dhihar from hiswife on various occasions had only to do one kaffara. If he pronounceddhihar, and then did kaffara, and then pronounced dhihar after he haddone the kaffara, he had to do kaffara again. Malik said,"Some one who pronounces dhihar from his wife and then has intercoursewith her before he has done kaffara, only has to do one kaffara. Hemust abstain from her until he does kaffara and ask forgiveness ofAllah. That is the best of what I have heard. " Malik said,"It is the same with dhihar using any prohibited relations offosterage and ancestry." Malik said, "Women have no dhihar." Malik said that he had heard that the commentary on the wordof Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, "Those of you who pronounce thedhihar about their wives, and then retract what they have said," (Sura56 ayat 3), was that a man pronounced dhihar on his wife and thendecided to keep her and have intercourse with her. If he decided onthat, he must do kaffara. If he divorced her and did not decide toretract his dhihar of her and to keep her and have intercourse withher, there would be no kaffara incumbent on him. Maliksaid,"If he marries her after that, he does not touch her until he hascompleted the kaffara of pronouncing dhihar." Malik said thatif a man who pronounced dhihar from his slave-girl wanted to haveintercourse with her, he had to do the kaffara of the dhihar before hecould sleep with her. Malik said, "There is no ila in a man'sdhihar unless it is evident that he does not intend to retract hisdhihar." Translation Not Available
Book reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 29 Hadith no 1178
Web reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 29 Hadith no 22
وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَجُلاً، يَسْأَلُ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ، قَالَ لاِمْرَأَتِهِ كُلُّ امْرَأَةٍ أَنْكِحُهَا عَلَيْكِ مَا عِشْتِ فَهِيَ عَلَىَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي . فَقَالَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ يُجْزِئُهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ .
Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa that he hearda man ask Urwa ibn az-Zubayr about a man who said to his wife, "Anywoman I marry along with you as long as you live will be like mymother's back to me." Urwa ibn az-Zubayr said, "The freeing of slavesis enough to release him from that." Translation Not Available
Book reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 29 Hadith no 1180
Web reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 29 Hadith no 23
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ عَنْ ظِهَارِ الْعَبْدِ، فَقَالَ نَحْوُ ظِهَارِ الْحُرِّ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ يُرِيدُ أَنَّهُ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ كَمَا يَقَعُ عَلَى الْحُرِّ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَظِهَارُ الْعَبْدِ عَلَيْهِ وَاجِبٌ وَصِيَامُ الْعَبْدِ فِي الظِّهَارِ شَهْرَانِ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الْعَبْدِ يَتَظَاهَرُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ إِنَّهُ لاَ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِ إِيلاَءٌ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَوْ ذَهَبَ يَصُومُ صِيَامَ كَفَّارَةِ الْمُتَظَاهِرِ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ طَلاَقُ الإِيلاَءِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَفْرُغَ مِنْ صِيَامِهِ .
ahya related to me from Malik that he asked Ibn Shihab about thedhihar of a slave. He said, "It is like the dhihar of a free man." Malik said, "He meant that the same conditions were appliedin both cases." Malik said, "The dhihar of the slave isincumbent on him, and the fasting of the slave in the dhihar is twomonths. " Malik said that there was no ila for a slave whopronounced a dhihar from his wife. That was because if he were to fastthe kaffara for pronouncing a dhihar, the divorce of the ila wouldcome to him before he had finished the fast. Translation Not Available
Book reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 29 Hadith no 1181
Web reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 29 Hadith no 24
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ كَانَ فِي بَرِيرَةَ ثَلاَثُ سُنَنٍ فَكَانَتْ إِحْدَى السُّنَنِ الثَّلاَثِ أَنَّهَا أُعْتِقَتْ فَخُيِّرَتْ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " الْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ " . وَدَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَالْبُرْمَةُ تَفُورُ بِلَحْمٍ فَقُرِّبَ إِلَيْهِ خُبْزٌ وَأُدْمٌ مِنْ أُدْمِ الْبَيْتِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " أَلَمْ أَرَ بُرْمَةً فِيهَا لَحْمٌ " . فَقَالُوا بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَلَكِنْ ذَلِكَ لَحْمٌ تُصُدِّقَ بِهِ عَلَى بَرِيرَةَ وَأَنْتَ لاَ تَأْكُلُ الصَّدَقَةَ . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " هُوَ عَلَيْهَا صَدَقَةٌ وَهُوَ لَنَا هَدِيَّةٌ " .
Yahya related to me from Malik from Rabia ibn Abi Abd ar-Rahmanfrom al-Qasim ibn Muhammad that A'isha umm al-muminin, said, "Therewere three sunnas established in connection with Barira: firstly wasthat when she was set free she was given her choice about her husband,secondly, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant himpeace, said about her, 'The right of inheritance belongs to the personwho has set a person free,' thirdly, the Messenger of Allah, may Allahbless him and grant him peace, came in and there was a pot with meaton the boil. Bread and condiments were brought to him from the stockof the house. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, said, 'Didn't I see a pot with meat in it?' They said,'Yes, Messenger of Allah. That is meat which was given as sadaqa forBarira, and you do not eat sadaqa.' The Messenger of Allah, may Allahbless him and grant him peace, said, 'It is sadaqa for her, and it isa gift for us.' " Translation Not Available
Book reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 29 Hadith no 1182
Web reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 29 Hadith no 25
وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي الأَمَةِ تَكُونُ تَحْتَ الْعَبْدِ فَتَعْتِقُ إِنَّ الأَمَةَ لَهَا الْخِيَارُ مَا لَمْ يَمَسَّهَا . قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَإِنْ مَسَّهَا زَوْجُهَا فَزَعَمَتْ أَنَّهَا جَهِلَتْ أَنَّ لَهَا الْخِيَارَ فَإِنَّهَا تُتَّهَمُ وَلاَ تُصَدَّقُ بِمَا ادَّعَتْ مِنَ الْجَهَالَةِ وَلاَ خِيَارَ لَهَا بَعْدَ أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا .
ahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umarsaid that a female slave who was the wife of a slave and then was setfree, had the right of choice as long as he did not have intercoursewith her. Malik said, "If her husband has intercourse withher and she claims that she did not know, she still has the right ofchoice. If she is suspect and one does not believe her claim ofignorance, then she has no choice after he has had intercourse withher." Translation Not Available
Book reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 29 Hadith no 1183
Web reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 29 Hadith no 26
وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ مَوْلاَةً، لِبَنِي عَدِيٍّ يُقَالُ لَهَا زَبْرَاءُ أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَحْتَ عَبْدٍ وَهِيَ أَمَةٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَعَتَقَتْ قَالَتْ فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلَىَّ حَفْصَةُ زَوْجُ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَدَعَتْنِي فَقَالَتْ إِنِّي مُخْبِرَتُكِ خَبَرًا وَلاَ أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَصْنَعِي شَيْئًا إِنَّ أَمْرَكِ بِيَدِكِ مَا لَمْ يَمْسَسْكِ زَوْجُكِ فَإِنْ مَسَّكِ فَلَيْسَ لَكِ مِنَ الأَمْرِ شَىْءٌ . قَالَتْ فَقُلْتُ هُوَ الطَّلاَقُ ثُمَّ الطَّلاَقُ ثُمَّ الطَّلاَقُ . فَفَارَقَتْهُ ثَلاَثًا .
Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Urwa ibn az-Zubayr that a mawla of the tribe of Banu Adi called Zabra told himthat she had been the wife of a slave when she was a slave-girl. Thenshe was set free and she sent a message to Hafsa, the wife of theProphet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Hafsa called her andsaid, "I will tell you something., but I would prefer that you did notact upon it. You have authority over yourself as long as your husbanddoes not have intercourse with you. If he has intercourse with you,you have no authority at all." Therefore she pronounced her divorcefrom him three times. Translation Not Available
Book reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 29 Hadith no 1184
Web reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 29 Hadith no 27
