وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ يَقُولُ أَتَتِ امْرَأَةٌ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَتْ إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ أَنْ أَنْحَرَ ابْنِي . فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ لاَ تَنْحَرِي ابْنَكِ وَكَفِّرِي عَنْ يَمِينِكِ، . فَقَالَ شَيْخٌ عِنْدَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ فِي هَذَا كَفَّارَةٌ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَالَ وَ {الَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ} ثُمَّ جَعَلَ فِيهِ مِنَ الْكَفَّارَةِ مَا قَدْ رَأَيْتَ .
Yahya related to me from Malik that Yahya ibn Said heard al-Qasimibn Muhammad say, "A woman came to Abdullah ibn Abbas and said, 'Ihave vowed to sacrifice my son.' Ibn Abbas said, 'Do not sacrificeyour son. Do kaffara for your oath.' An old man with Ibn Abbas said,'What kaffara is there for this?' Ibn Abbas said, 'Allah the Exaltedsaid, "Those of you who say, regarding their wives.'Be as my mother'sback' (Sura58 ayat 2) and then He went on to oblige the kaffara for itas you have seen.' " Translation Not Available
Book reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 22 Hadith no 1019
Web reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 22 Hadith no 7
وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الأَيْلِيِّ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصِّدِّيقِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " مَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يُطِيعَ اللَّهَ فَلْيُطِعْهُ وَمَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَعْصِيَ اللَّهَ فَلاَ يَعْصِهِ " .
Yahya related to me from Malik from Talha ibn Abi al-Malik al-Ayli from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn as-Siddiq from A'isha that theMessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said,"Whoever vows to obey Allah, let him obey Him. Whoever vows to disobeyAllah, let him not disobey Him." Yahya said that he had heardMalik say, "The meaning of the statement of the Prophet, may Allahbless him and grant him peace, 'Whoever vows to disobey Allah, let himnot disobey Him' is that for instance a man who vows that, if hespeaks to such-and-such a person, he will walk to Syria, Egypt, or anyother such things which are not considered as ibada, is not under anyobligation by any of that, even if he did speak to the man or didbreak whatever it was he swore, because Allah does not demandobedience in such things. He should only fulfill those things in whichthere is obedience to Allah." 22.5 Rashness in Oaths Translation Not Available
Book reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 22 Hadith no 1020
Web reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 22 Hadith no 8
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَقُولُ لَغْوُ الْيَمِينِ قَوْلُ الإِنْسَانِ لاَ وَاللَّهِ بَلَى وَاللَّهِ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِي هَذَا أَنَّ اللَّغْوَ حَلِفُ الإِنْسَانِ عَلَى الشَّىْءِ يَسْتَيْقِنُ أَنَّهُ كَذَلِكَ ثُمَّ يُوجَدُ عَلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ اللَّغْوُ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَعَقْدُ الْيَمِينِ أَنْ يَحْلِفَ الرَّجُلُ أَنْ لاَ يَبِيعَ ثَوْبَهُ بِعَشَرَةِ دَنَانِيرَ ثُمَّ يَبِيعَهُ بِذَلِكَ أَوْ يَحْلِفَ لَيَضْرِبَنَّ غُلاَمَهُ ثُمَّ لاَ يَضْرِبُهُ وَنَحْوَ هَذَا فَهَذَا الَّذِي يُكَفِّرُ صَاحِبُهُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَلَيْسَ فِي اللَّغْوِ كَفَّارَةٌ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ فَأَمَّا الَّذِي يَحْلِفُ عَلَى الشَّىْءِ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ آثِمٌ وَيَحْلِفُ عَلَى الْكَذِبِ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ لِيُرْضِيَ بِهِ أَحَدًا أَوْ لِيَعْتَذِرَ بِهِ إِلَى مُعْتَذَرٍ إِلَيْهِ أَوْ لِيَقْطَعَ بِهِ مَالاً فَهَذَا أَعْظَمُ مِنْ أَنْ تَكُونَ فِيهِ كَفَّارَةٌ .
Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from hisfather that A'isha, umm al-muminin said, "Rashness in oaths is that aman says, 'By Allah, No! by Allah!' " i.e. out of habit. Malik said, "The best of what I have heard on the matter is thatrashness in oaths is that a man take an oath on something to show thathe is certain that it is like he said, only to find that it is otherthan what he said. This is rashness." Malik said, "Thebinding oath is for example, that a man says that he will not sell hisgarment for ten dinars, and then he sells it for that, or that he willbeat his young slave and then does not beat him, and so on. One doeskaffara for making such an oath, and there is no kaffara in rashness." Malik said, "As for the one who swears to a thing which heknows is wicked, and he swears to a lie he knows to be a lie, in orderto please someone with it or to excuse himself to someone by it or togain money by it, no kaffara that he does for it can cover it." Translation Not Available
Book reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 22 Hadith no 1021
Web reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 22 Hadith no 9
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ مَنْ قَالَ وَاللَّهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَفْعَلِ الَّذِي حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ لَمْ يَحْنَثْ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِي الثُّنْيَا أَنَّهَا لِصَاحِبِهَا مَا لَمْ يَقْطَعْ كَلاَمَهُ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ نَسَقًا يَتْبَعُ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْكُتَ فَإِذَا سَكَتَ وَقَطَعَ كَلاَمَهُ فَلاَ ثُنْيَا لَهُ . قَالَ يَحْيَى وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَقُولُ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ أَوْ أَشْرَكَ بِاللَّهِ ثُمَّ يَحْنَثُ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ وَلَيْسَ بِكَافِرٍ وَلاَ مُشْرِكٍ حَتَّى يَكُونَ قَلْبُهُ مُضْمِرًا عَلَى الشِّرْكِ وَالْكُفْرِ وَلْيَسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ وَلاَ يَعُدْ إِلَى شَىْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَبِئْسَ مَا صَنَعَ .
Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umarsaid, "Whoever swears by Allah and then says, 'Allah willing' and thendoes not do what he has sworn to, has not broken his oath." Malik said, "The best I have heard on this reservation is that itbelongs to the statement made if the speaker does not break the normalflow of speech before he is silent. If he is silent and breaks theflow of speech, he has no exception." Yahya said, "Malik saidthat a man who said that he had disbelieved or associated somethingwith Allah and then he broke his oath, had no kaffara, and he was nota disbeliever or one who associated something with Allah unless hisheart concealed something of either of those. He should askforgiveness of Allah and not return to it - for what he did was evil." Translation Not Available
Book reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 22 Hadith no 1022
Web reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 22 Hadith no 10
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " مَنْ حَلَفَ بِيَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَلْيَفْعَلِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ " .
Yahya related to me from Malik from Suhayl ibn Abi Salih from hisfather from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah blesshim and grant him peace, said, "Whoever makes an oath and then seesthat something else would be better than it, should do kaffara for hisoath and do what is better." Yahya said that he heard Maliksay, "Anyone who says that he has a vow but does not mention the nameof Allah, is still obliged to make the kaffara for an oath (if hebreaks it)". Malik said, "Emphasis is when a man swears onething several times, repeating the oath in his speech time after time.For instance, the statement, 'By Allah, I will not decrease it fromsuch-and-such,' sworn three times or more. The kaffara of that is likethe kaffara of one oath. If a man swears, 'I will not eat this food orwear these clothes or enter this house,' that is all in one oath, andhe is only obliged to do one kaffara. It is the same for a man whosays to his wife, 'You are divorced if I clothe you in this garment orlet you go to the mosque,' and it is one entire statement in thenormal pattern of speech. If he breaks any of that oath, divorce isnecessary, and there is no breaking of oath after that in whatever hedoes. There is only one oath to be broken in that." Maliksaid, "What we do about a woman who makes a vow without her husband'spermission is that she is allowed to do so and she must fulfill it, ifit only concerns her own person and will not harm her husband. If,however, it will harm her husband, he may forbid her to fulfill it,but it remains an obligation against her until she has the opportunityto complete it." Translation Not Available
Book reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 22 Hadith no 1023
Web reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 22 Hadith no 11
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ مَنْ حَلَفَ بِيَمِينٍ فَوَكَّدَهَا ثُمَّ حَنِثَ فَعَلَيْهِ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ أَوْ كِسْوَةُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ وَمَنْ حَلَفَ بِيَمِينٍ فَلَمْ يُؤَكِّدْهَا ثُمَّ حَنِثَ فَعَلَيْهِ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدٌّ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ .
Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umarsaid, "If someone breaks an oath which he has stressed, he has to freea slave, or clothe ten poor people. If someone breaks an oath, but hasnot stressed it, he only has to feed ten poor people and each poorperson is fed a mudd of wheat. Some one who does not have the meansfor that, should fast for three days." Translation Not Available
Book reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 22 Hadith no 1024
Web reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 22 Hadith no 12
