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Muwatta Imam Malik

Business Transactions

كتاب البيوع

وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، ‏.‏ أَنَّ حَكِيمَ بْنَ حِزَامٍ، ابْتَاعَ طَعَامًا أَمَرَ بِهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ لِلنَّاسِ فَبَاعَ حَكِيمٌ الطَّعَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَوْفِيَهُ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فَرَدَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَ لاَ تَبِعْ طَعَامًا ابْتَعْتَهُ حَتَّى تَسْتَوْفِيَهُ ‏.‏

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Hakim ibn Hizamtraded in food for people as Umar ibn al-Khattab had ordered him todo. Hakim re-sold the food before he had taken delivery of it. Thatreached Umar ibn al-Khattab and he revoked the sale and said, "Do notsell food which you have purchased until you take delivery of it." Translation Not Available

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Book reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 31 Hadith no 1335
Web reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 31 Hadith no 43


وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ ‏.‏ أَنَّ صُكُوكًا، خَرَجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ فِي زَمَانِ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ مِنْ طَعَامِ الْجَارِ فَتَبَايَعَ النَّاسُ تِلْكَ الصُّكُوكَ بَيْنَهُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَوْفُوهَا فَدَخَلَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَلَى مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ فَقَالاَ أَتُحِلُّ بَيْعَ الرِّبَا يَا مَرْوَانُ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ وَمَا ذَاكَ فَقَالاَ هَذِهِ الصُّكُوكُ تَبَايَعَهَا النَّاسُ ثُمَّ بَاعُوهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَوْفُوهَا فَبَعَثَ مَرْوَانُ الْحَرَسَ يَتْبَعُونَهَا يَنْزِعُونَهَا مِنْ أَيْدِي النَّاسِ وَيَرُدُّونَهَا إِلَى أَهْلِهَا ‏.‏

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that receiptswere given to people in the time of Marwan ibn al-Hakam for theproduce of the market at al-Jar. People bought and sold the receiptsamong themselves before they took delivery of the goods. Zayd Thabitand one of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah blesshim and grant him peace, went to Marwan ibn al-Hakam and said,"Marwan! Do you make usury halal?" He said, "I seek refuge with Allah!What is that?" He said, "These receipts which people buy and sellbefore they take delivery of the goods." Marwan therefore sent a guardto follow them and to take them from people's hands and return them totheir owners. Translation Not Available

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Book reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 31 Hadith no 1336
Web reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 31 Hadith no 44


وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ رَجُلاً، أَرَادَ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَ طَعَامًا مِنْ رَجُلٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَذَهَبَ بِهِ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ الطَّعَامَ إِلَى السُّوقِ فَجَعَلَ يُرِيهِ الصُّبَرَ وَيَقُولُ لَهُ مِنْ أَيِّهَا تُحِبُّ أَنْ أَبْتَاعَ لَكَ فَقَالَ الْمُبْتَاعُ أَتَبِيعُنِي مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ فَأَتَيَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ فَذَكَرَا ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ لِلْمُبْتَاعِ لاَ تَبْتَعْ مِنْهُ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ ‏.‏ وَقَالَ لِلْبَائِعِ لاَ تَبِعْ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ ‏.‏

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that a manwanted to buy food from a man in advance. The man who wanted to sellthe food to him went with him to the market, and he began to show himheaps, saying, "Which one would you like me to buy for you." The buyersaid to him, "Are you selling me what you do not have?" So they cameto Abdullah ibn Umarand mentioned that to him. Abdallah ibn Umar saidto the buyer, "Do not buy from him what he does not have." He said tothe seller, "Do not sell what you do not have." Translation Not Available

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Book reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 31 Hadith no 1337
Web reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 31 Hadith no 45


وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَمِيلَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمُؤَذِّنَ، يَقُولُ لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ إِنِّي رَجُلٌ أَبْتَاعُ مِنَ الأَرْزَاقِ الَّتِي تُعْطَى النَّاسُ بِالْجَارِ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَبِيعَ الطَّعَامَ الْمَضْمُونَ عَلَىَّ إِلَى أَجَلٍ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ لَهُ سَعِيدٌ أَتُرِيدُ أَنْ تُوَفِّيَهُمْ مِنْ تِلْكَ الأَرْزَاقِ الَّتِي ابْتَعْتَ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ ‏.‏ فَنَهَاهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ ‏.‏ قَالَ مَالِكٌ الأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا الَّذِي لاَ اخْتِلاَفَ فِيهِ أَنَّهُ مَنِ اشْتَرَى طَعَامًا بُرًّا أَوْ شَعِيرًا أَوْ سُلْتًا أَوْ ذُرَةً أَوْ دُخْنًا أَوْ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْحُبُوبِ الْقِطْنِيَّةِ أَوْ شَيْئًا مِمَّا يُشْبِهُ الْقِطْنِيَّةَ مِمَّا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ أَوْ شَيْئًا مِنَ الأُدْمِ كُلِّهَا الزَّيْتِ وَالسَّمْنِ وَالْعَسَلِ وَالْخَلِّ وَالْجُبْنِ وَالشَّبْرَقِ وَاللَّبَنِ وَمَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الأُدْمِ فَإِنَّ الْمُبْتَاعَ لاَ يَبِيعُ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَقْبِضَهُ وَيَسْتَوْفِيَهُ ‏.‏

Yahya related to me from Malik that Yahya ibn Said heard Jamilibn Abd ar-Rahman the Muadhdhin say to Said ibn al-Musayyab, "I am aman who buys whatever Allah wills of the receipts for the provisionswhich people are offered at al-Jar. I want to take payment for goodsthat I guarantee to deliver at a future date." Said said to him, "Doyou intend to settle these things with receipts for provisions youhave bought?" He said, "Yes." So he forbade that. Malik said,"The generally agreed on way of doing things among us in which thereis no dispute, about buying food - wheat, barley, durra-sorghum, pearlmillet, or any pulse or anything resembling pulses on which zakat isobliged, or condiments of any sort - oil, ghee, honey, vinegar,cheese, sesame oil, milk and so on, is that the buyer should not re-sell any of that until he has taken possession and complete deliveryof it. Translation Not Available

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Book reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 31 Hadith no 1338
Web reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 31 Hadith no 46


حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ، يَنْهَيَانِ أَنْ يَبِيعَ الرَّجُلُ، حِنْطَةً بِذَهَبٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِيَ بِالذَّهَبِ تَمْرًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَ الذَّهَبَ

Yahya related to me from Malik that Abu'z-Zinad heard Sa'id ibnal-Musayyab andSulayman ibn Yasar forbid a man to sell wheat for goldon delayed terms and then to buy dried dates with the gold before hehad taken delivery of the gold. Translation Not Available

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Book reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 31 Hadith no 1339
Web reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 31 Hadith no 47


وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ كَثِيرِ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ، ‏.‏ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ، يَبِيعُ الطَّعَامَ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ بِذَهَبٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِي بِالذَّهَبِ تَمْرًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَ الذَّهَبَ فَكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ وَنَهَى عَنْهُ ‏.‏ وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ ‏.‏ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَإِنَّمَا نَهَى سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ وَابْنُ شِهَابٍ عَنْ أَنْ لاَ يَبِيعَ الرَّجُلُ حِنْطَةً بِذَهَبٍ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِيَ الرَّجُلُ بِالذَّهَبِ تَمْرًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَ الذَّهَبَ مِنْ بَيْعِهِ الَّذِي اشْتَرَى مِنْهُ الْحِنْطَةَ فَأَمَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ بِالذَّهَبِ الَّتِي بَاعَ بِهَا الْحِنْطَةَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ تَمْرًا مِنْ غَيْرِ بَائِعِهِ الَّذِي بَاعَ مِنْهُ الْحِنْطَةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَ الذَّهَبَ وَيُحِيلَ الَّذِي اشْتَرَى مِنْهُ التَّمْرَ عَلَى غَرِيمِهِ الَّذِي بَاعَ مِنْهُ الْحِنْطَةَ بِالذَّهَبِ الَّتِي لَهُ عَلَيْهِ فِي ثَمَنِ التَّمْرِ فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ ‏.‏ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَقَدْ سَأَلْتُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ غَيْرَ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فَلَمْ يَرَوْا بِهِ بَأْسًا ‏.

Yahya related to me from Malik that Kathir ibn Farqad asked AbuBakr ibn Muhammad ibn Amr ibn Hazm about a man who sold food to bedelivered at a future date to a man for gold and then with the gold,he bought dates before he had taken delivery of the gold. Hedisapproved of that and forbade it. Yahya related to me fromMalik from Ibn Shihab the like of that. Malik said, ''Saidibn al-Musayyab, Sulayman ibn Yasar, Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Amr ibnHazm, and Ibn Shihab forbade that a man sell wheat for gold and thenbuy dates with that gold before he had received the gold from thetransaction in which he sold the wheat. There is no harm for someoneto buy dates on delayed terms, on the strength of the gold for whichhe sold the wheat, from someone other than the person to whom he soldthe wheat before taking possession of the gold, and to refer the onefrom whom he bought the dates to his debtor who bought the wheat, forthe gold he is owed for the dates." Malik said, "I asked morethan one of the people of knowledge about that and they did not seeany harm in it." Translation Not Available

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Book reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 31 Hadith no 1340
Web reference: Muwatta Imam Malik Book 31 Hadith no 48



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